1. PAVING (PAVER) BLOCKS
• Paver Blocks are solid, un-reinforced, precast cement concrete paving units used in the surface
course of pavements, with minimum horizontal cross section of 50mm from any edge in any
direction and having an Aspect (Length to Thickness) Ratio not more than 4.
• Paver Blocks are placed on a bedding and base to support pedestrians as well as all kinds of light
and heavy vehicular traffic.
• Paver Blocks can be interlocking or non-interlocking units.
• PBMA members provide Paver Blocks in a wide range of finishes, colours, shapes, and sizes.
• Common thicknesses used are 60, 80 and 100mm.
• Paver Blocks are often produced in two layers with upper wearing layer usually made of finer
materials and colour added to provide a superior finish.
• Reference Standards: IS 15658:2006 Precast Concrete Blocks for Paving – Specification; IS
16777:2019 Laying of Paver Blocks — Code of Practice.
2. FLAGS (PAVING SLABS)
• Flags or Paving Slabs are solid, un-reinforced, precast cement concrete paving units used in the
surface course of pavements, each having surface area over 0.5 sq. m., thickness greater than
30mm, overall length not exceeding 1m and having an Aspect (Length to Thickness) Ratio greater
than 4.
• Flags are placed on a bedding and base to support pedestrians and limited vehicular traffic.
• Flags provide much more attractive and exceptionally durable walkways, footpaths, pedestrian
plazas, and railway platforms, as compared to cast-in-place concrete or asphalt.
• PBMA members offer Flags in a range of colours, often with surface treatments such as polished,
ground or shot blasted to create a stone-like appearance.
• Flags communicate understated sophistication not achieved by conventional pavements.
• Reference Standards: BS EN 1339:2003 Concrete Paving Flags – Requirements and Test Methods;
ASTM C1782 / C1782M – 19 Standard Specification for Segmental Concrete Paving Slabs.
3. GRASS PAVERS (PAVING GRIDS)
• Grass Pavers, also known as Paving Grids or Turf Pavers, are un-reinforced, precast cement
concrete Slab-like paving units with up to 75% open area, generally no larger than 400mm x
600mm.
• Grass Pavers allow grass or moss to grow through, preserving the look of a lawn for walkways,
driveways, and parking areas.
• Grass pavers also control erosion and stabilize soil, making them an ideal choice for slopes and
embankments.
• Units are placed on a compacted aggregate base and can receive limited vehicular traffic.
• Reference Standards: IS 15658:2006 Precast Concrete Blocks for Paving – Specification; ASTM
C1319-17 Standard Specification for Concrete Grid Paving Units
4. PERMEABLE PAVING
• Permeable Paving consists of a pavement with a surface of solid concrete Paver Blocks designed
with small openings that create permeable joints. The openings typically comprise 5% to 15% of
the paver surface area and are filled with highly permeable, small-sized aggregates, instead of
sand. The permeable joints allow water to pass through the surface – between each block – and
into voids within the underlying coarse grade aggregate, permeable sub-base. The spaces among
the aggregates store water and enable infiltration into the soil subgrade rather than generating
surface runoff. The paver joints provide 100% surface permeability.
• Permeable Paving with Paver Blocks is highly attractive, durable, easily repaired, requires low
maintenance, and can withstand heavy vehicle loads.
• Permeable Paving reduces stormwater runoff volume, rate, and pollutants.
• PBMA members will guide you in designing a complete Permeable Paving system using
interlocking Paver Blocks.